Tuesday, December 18, 2018

Week 51: Komodo's Tech Tuesday. The Answer To “Satoshi’s Shotgun”.

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Tech Tuesday #15

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 Week 51 


Agnostic Blockchain Security: An In-Depth Analysis Of Delayed Proof Of Work

This is a must read facts and myths about dPoW for anyone with technical understandings of blockchain technology.
 

The Answer To "Satoshi's Shotgun" (Aka Spam Attacks) For Proof Of Stake Chains Is Codenamed "Ram Staker"

When proof of stake consensus was being developed (and tested) before release, one of the notary node operators demonstrated an attack which amongst testers in the community is referred to as the dwy attack.  More recently and more famously, the same attack type is called Satoshi's Shotgun.

Two mechanisms are being tested by #kmdlabs in discord.  One staking method called "ram staker" loads the wallets unspent outputs (UTXOs) into RAM and the staking works on this RAM based UTXO store (array), so any spamming on the wallet itself does not affect the staking UTXOs directly from the wallet being spammed (and therefore slowed down) to claim a block.  The ram staker expires after a time, currently 10 minutes. No information was sought for 10-minute expiry.

The other mitigation to satoshi's shotgun (or dwy attack) is to put a wallet into "lockdown" mode – once a wallet has received the funding, it can be set to never accept transactions.

 

Community Portal News

One of the notary node operators referred me to the Genesis Framework for WordPress.  It took me about 15 minutes of perusing the documentation to decide to commit to the purchase.  Some testing of a beta community portal for the Komodo Ecosystem with WordPress has stagnated because of the Komodo Rebrand, pulling more pieces together for the blockchain starter kit and also with the unifying blockchain technology of the Sapling upgrade that just took place.

This is what the community portal test looks like at the moment using unstylized fonts et cetera:


 

The coolest feature is the login is handled by the discourse community forum and how we began discussing ways for the forum to be used as a communications tool in an asynchronous manner.  The community site was originally a notary pledge for election, but it is something the Komodo marketing team would like to steer for the time being to maximize community involvement.

Some ways for community involvement revolve around a community-based coin – for games, for testing – online portal integration and social integration.  This is all somewhere in the pipeline, just not at the front.  With other technologies like Custom Chain Logic (aka smart contracts + custom consensus + on-chain protocols + more) and partnerships to cultivate, the community portal has been put on hold – for another portal… for developers! (Not using WordPress as the integration of web into blockchain requires a different set of tools).
 

Ecosystem: Verus & ZCash Sapling Upgrades Activated Successfully – Thank You

The long list of people/groups to thank:

  • James Lee (jl777) for being Gaudi-esque in Komodo's blockchain architecture and being lead developer through the upgrade process
  • Members of the Komodo team for testing at a frenetic pace to make sure the biggest upgrade to Komodo blockchain projects went to plan
  • The team members who co-ordinated with mining pool operators and exchanges in updating their infrastructure
  • Exchanges for making sure users coins were always safe
  • Mining pool operators for upgrading their infrastructure and monitoring their services with a keen eye
  • The Agama wallet contributors, especially lead developer Petr B (pbca26), and testers for continuing to release new helpful features which enable users to keep using KMD whilst third party systems continue their upgrade cycles
  • The engineering talent in the community that maintain explorers for people to visually verify transactions and block data
  • Blockchain projects that chose Komodo technology and have engaged with the community
  • Notary Node operators for displaying professionalism and dedication to securely updating the network
  • Community for being patient during this mother-of-all upgrades!!  Arguably the biggest in the public blockchain industry to date.
 

Integrating Komodo Blockchain Technology Into Your Website Or Web App

When a dApp team knows front-end coding and some of the logic required for their application – but not the low-level details of blockchain coding and operations – the KMDLABS service creates value to your workflow by quickly developing and testing your product so it can move from ideation to planning, testing, editing and then ready to production.

Every time our ecosystem does something great, it saves the next person from having to repeat it.  Komodo tries hard to not re-invent the wheel. It is why it started as a zCash fork, created generic value encoding for blockchain interoperability leveraging IETF specs and collaborated with Verus to upgrade the blockchain ecosystem.  The upgrade to zcash sapling & Verus hashing, consensus and emission scheduling unified blockchain innovations and begins a new phase of Komodo IoT testing.

The KMDLABS discord channel is dedicated to testing innovations, upgrades and new features.

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Amazon moves in

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December 18, 2018

BLOCKCHAIN SERVICES: Amazon Web Services believes that blockchain is a tool useful for only certain specific applications – but even so, it's still seeing plenty of interest from big enterprise names. 

This is why Amazon is offering two distinct products: the Amazon Quantum Ledger Database, a centralized, yet immutable, ledger product, and Amazon Managed Blockchain, a decentralized trustless platform. 

The offerings have already seen interest from firms including Verizon, Philips, DTCC, GE Aviation, Liberty Mutual, Guardian Life, Workday and Change Healthcare – all of which have signed up to use the AMB preview until the full product is released.

As Daniel Johnson, CTO at Guardian Life, explained, “We’d rather have a large provider and let them administer lower-level technical services. Amazon becomes a trusted third party instead of us going into a consortium where you have to worry about that person leaving or another person joining. We’d rather have a technology company that has financial stability and is really performing well, and rely on them.” Full Story​

COINBASE CONVERT: Coinbase is adding a crypto-to-crypto trading option for its retail customers – a feature that has long been available to professional cryptocurrency trading services. 

Users on Coinbase.com, as well as the Android and iOS apps, will be able to begin trading bitcoin pairs in the coming days through the new feature, called Coinbase Convert.

Product manager Anna Marie Clifton told CoinDesk that while trading pairs are “a pretty common paradigm in the crypto trading space,” they are not currently being served well to the broader retail audience.

Unlike professional trading services, which use such pairs to take advantage of price fluctuations, retail users are likely to use these pairs for more utilitarian purposes.

As one example, Clifton said, some customers have purchased bitcoin but now want to interact with decentralized applications (dapps), and therefore need to convert their holdings.

“I think one of the things that was most surprising was seeing a lot of customers frustrated because they wanted to use the product immediately [but] it required two trading fees,” she said. Full Story

TETHER HOLDINGS: Does Tether Ltd., the company behind the dollar-pegged stablecoin USDT, have the cash reserves to back up its 1.8 billion tokens? That’s a question that has been asked many times over the last year, and, according to Bloomberg, the answer is: possibly.

Bloomberg News reported today that it has seen Tether bank statements indicating that, over four separate months at least, the company held sufficient dollars to back the tether (USDT) tokens on the market.

While the report does not provide the reassurance of a full audit by a specialist firm, it appear to provide evidence that Tether’s token – used by many crypto traders and exchanges to move value internationally – is backed by more than just claims from the firm, at least during certain windows of time.

Bloomberg said it has seen documents from September 2017 suggesting that Tether had $452.9 million in accounts at Noble Bank, Puerto Rico, and Bank of Montreal. At the end of that month, the firm had 435 million USDT in circulation. Bank statements for several other non-consecutive months also indicated its dollar reserves matched tokens on the market, says Bloomberg.

The firm has previously promised but failed to provide a full audit from a professional specialist firm – an issue that has prompted many to wonder if the firm is, as claimed, backing its token 1:1 with the U.S. dollar. Full Story

DATA BOOST: Crypto data research startup Nomics has secured $3 million in a Series A funding round, led by Arthur Ventures but with participation from Digital Currency Group and Coinbase Ventures, among others. 

The company plans to use the funding to staff up its engineering team, as well as continue its mission to index 95 percent of all data surrounding the trading of crypto-assets. 

CEO and co-founder Clay Collins told CoinDesk that the startup is looking to log raw trading data, all on-chain data and orderbook data and make it available to investors, including hedge funds, through the company's API, which already sees roughly 35 million calls each month for 3.5 billion data points. 

There will be “millions of new pages” made available after this data is indexed, he said, adding that “it will look like more API endpoints, more data behind existing endpoints, lower latency, improved documentation, as well as more aggregate data/indicators.”

At present, the team is almost entirely engineers already, with every employee but Collins working on the product. Full Story​



Five years ago today a typo on a Bitcointalk forum led to one of the most powerful memes in the crypto world. To hodl is more than a meme though, it's also an investment strategy and one that introduces even more complexity into valuations of bitcoin.

Lost bitcoins (there are potentially >1 million) inflate market cap numbers (spot market price * circulating supply). But because hodled coins (often practiced through deep cold storage) are difficult to distinguish from lost coins, they make excising lost coins from the value of bitcoin difficult.

The folks at Coinmetrics have spent the past few months working on an alternative to market cap that aims to give a more accurate gauge of the value of bitcoin. The metric, realized cap, uses historically weighted UTXOs of bitcoin from the spot market price the last time individual coins moved. It’s a kind of hybrid of exchange activity and on-chain network activity that can capture a notional idea of hodled coins, lost coins and the coins that active traders sling every day.

The graph here shows the difference between market cap and realized cap. Note that the current sell-off is less dramatic when measured by realized cap.
 
Learn more about the crypto market across price, network, exchange, developer, and social fundamental metrics here.

HOLIDAY RALLY? Bitcoin's 10 percent rise on the anniversary of its all-time price high yesterday validated recent extreme oversold conditions and established a bullish outside-reversal on the three-day chart. As a result, a stronger recovery rally above the key resistance of $3,633 could be in the offing. Full Story

BEST OF THE BEST

WIRED: Fintech startups like Revolut, Monzo and BitPesa are finding ways to digitize existing payment systems and services, and actually draw new customers in the process, Wired reports. This overview of the space notes that in the past, “customers were more likely to get a divorce than change their bank.”

Not any longer, the piece says. By providing services using opaque payment systems like bokeh in Nigeria and hawala in Malawi, and providing new services to customers, different companies are finding ways to attract retail customers from traditional financial services firms. Monzo and Revolut, for example, provide customers with immediate notifications whenever they spend any funds. 

Where traditional banks are reactive to the world around them, Revolut global head of communications Chad West says the newcomers are proactive in finding new ways to serve customers, such as enabling cryptocurrency purchases or storing data in a secure manner on a blockchain.

THE REST

SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST:
Cryptocurrencies may provide China with one option to move away from the U.S. dollar, according to the South China Morning Post. The piece provides a broad overview of of how the nation is looking to shift away from the dollar amid a trade war with the U.S.

Fran Strajnar, CEO of crypto market research firm Brave New Coin, told the news organization that using a blockchain platform can help speed this shift up, due to the fact that they can be cheaper and more efficient than many current monetary systems. 

China has already indicated that it is open to the idea of issuing a central bank-backed digital currency, though details are scarce. The country has previously made efforts to ban crypto exchanges and token sales.

FORTUNE: A piece in Fortune looks at what things might be like if consumer tech giant Apple launched a blockchain token. While it may be fantasy right now, it’s not so far-fetched, according to the author.

The article posits that, in fact, for blockchain to truly scale for mass adoption, it’s actually going to take such a vast company to get behind it. Further, anyone using the token, from Apple, to customers to third parties, would stand to benefit from cutting out the fees charged by the payments middlemen, the card companies. Streamlined payments processes could also result from such a move.

The article also argues that the media could also benefit from an Apple coin. While other firms like Civil have tried to bring publishing to the blockchain, it’s not yet taken off. Apple, though, could could “leverage its existing relationship with media outlets to install a blockchain system behind the scenes, and kick-start adoption by providing free tokens to its vast user base.”

WHO WON #CRYPTOTWITTER

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